Autos & Vehicles

Accountability and Compromise: VW and Audi Settle for $85 Million in Diesel Case with Texas!

Published

3 years ago

May 30, 2023

Ethan Daniel

In a landmark development, Volkswagen (VW) and its luxury brand Audi have reached a settlement agreement with the state of Texas in a diesel emissions case. The automakers have agreed to pay a significant sum of $85 million, showcasing their commitment to accountability and a willingness to compromise. This settlement marks an important step forward in resolving the legal repercussions of the diesel scandal that rocked the automotive industry.

1. The Diesel Emissions Case

The diesel emissions case stemmed from the revelation that VW and Audi had installed illegal software in their diesel vehicles to manipulate emissions tests. This deceptive practice resulted in higher levels of harmful pollutants being emitted into the environment, violating emissions regulations and misleading consumers. The case sparked widespread outrage and legal action against the automakers.

2. A Commitment to Accountability

The settlement with the state of Texas demonstrates VW and Audi’s commitment to being held accountable for their actions. By agreeing to pay $85 million, they acknowledge the harm caused and accept responsibility for their role in the diesel emissions scandal. This financial penalty serves as a means of making amends and contributing to environmental initiatives in Texas.

3. Resolving Legal Repercussions

The settlement agreement is a significant step in resolving the legal repercussions faced by VW and Audi. It represents a compromise between the automakers and the state of Texas, avoiding protracted litigation and the associated costs. The resolution allows both parties to move forward and focus on remedying the environmental impact caused by the non-compliant diesel vehicles.

4. Environmental Impact

The diesel emissions scandal had far-reaching environmental consequences, contributing to increased air pollution and negative health effects. As part of the settlement, VW and Audi have committed to taking measures to mitigate the environmental impact caused by their non-compliant vehicles. This includes funding projects aimed at reducing emissions and promoting cleaner transportation alternatives.

5. Restoring Consumer Trust

Reaching a settlement in the diesel emissions case is an essential step in rebuilding consumer trust. VW and Audi recognize the importance of transparency, ethical practices, and compliance with regulations to regain the trust of their customers. The settlement demonstrates their dedication to rectifying the past and implementing measures to prevent similar incidents in the future.

6. Lessons Learned

The diesel emissions case serves as a valuable lesson for the automotive industry as a whole. It underscores the importance of adherence to emissions regulations, ethical conduct, and the need for effective oversight. The settlement reached by VW and Audi in collaboration with the state of Texas highlights the significance of accountability and the willingness to compromise in resolving complex legal disputes.

Conclusion

The $85 million settlement between VW, Audi, and the state of Texas in the diesel emissions case exemplifies the commitment of the automakers to accountability and compromise. It represents a crucial step in resolving the legal repercussions and addressing the environmental impact caused by the non-compliant diesel vehicles. By taking responsibility for their actions, VW and Audi aim to restore consumer trust and pave the way for a more sustainable and transparent future in the automotive industry.

Author

Ethan Daniel

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Autos & Vehicles

HP Tractors for Small Farms: A Comprehensive Buying Guide

Published

3 days ago

January 30, 2026

Kshitija

For farmers with small land holdings (typically up to 5–10 acres), choosing the right HP tractor makes a huge difference in productivity, costs, comfort and ease of use. Tractors in the 20–25 HP range are perfect for these situations because they strike the right balance between power, efficiency, durability and cost-effectiveness. These machines can handle most agricultural tasks like ploughing, tilling, intercultural work, spraying, transport, orchard tasks and trailer haulage without the heavy operating costs that come with larger tractors.

In this article, we take a closer look at the top tractors in the 20–25 HP segment, why this HP range is ideal for small farms, and what to consider before buying.

Why Choose 20–25 HP Tractors for Small Land Holdings?

Tractors in this horsepower range are especially suited to small plots of land and intensive farming tasks for several reasons:

Compact and Maneuverable

These tractors are physically smaller, making them easier to use in tight farm spaces, orchards, vineyards and between crop rows. Their narrower track width helps in maneuvering between plants without damaging crops.

Fuel Efficient

The compact engines consume less diesel compared to higher-HP tractors, reducing operational costs — a key factor for small farmers with tight budgets.

Lower Maintenance and Operating Costs

Smaller tractors generally have simpler mechanical systems, which translates to lower maintenance costs and easier servicing. Parts availability is usually good across India.

Versatility

20–25 HP tractors can handle a wide range of implements like ploughs, cultivators, seed drills, rotavators, sprayers and small trailers, making them a versatile asset for diverse agricultural needs.

Top 20–25 HP Tractor Models for Small Farmers

Below are some of the most popular and reliable tractors in the 20–25 HP category that are widely used across India’s small and mid-range farms.

One of the most widely used 20 HP tractors in India, Mahindra JIVO 225 DI is designed for agricultural versatility and fuel efficiency. It’s a compact yet capable workhorse for ploughing, intercultural work, hauling goods and general farm applications.

Engine Power: ~20 HP
Drive Options: 2WD & 4WD
Hydraulic Lift: ~750 kg
Best Uses: Field preparation, tillage, haulage

The 4WD variant gives added traction and stability, especially in wet or uneven fields, while the 2WD version is excellent for dry fields and standard farming. Both versions provide fuel-efficient performance with easy handling, making them ideal for small-land owners.

2. Sonalika GT 20

Sonalika GT 20 is another strong contender in the 20 HP segment, offering reliable performance and good build quality. It’s tailored for small fields, gardens, plantations and general farm work.

Engine Power: ~20 HP
Features: 6 forward + 2 reverse gears, ~800 kg lift capacity
Best Uses: Ploughing, towing, intercultural work

This tractor blends fuel efficiency with durability and is easy to operate, even for new farmers. Its compact size helps with maneuverability in tighter spaces like orchard lanes.

3. Massey Ferguson 5118

The Massey Ferguson 5118 is a dependable 20 HP tractor with a simple yet effective design. It’s suited for field operations, hauling and everyday farm tasks.

Engine Power: ~20 HP
Gears: 8 forward + 2 reverse
Hydraulic Lift: ~750 kg
Best Uses: General farm work and transport

Massey Ferguson tractors are known for their comfortable seating and ease of use qualities that make long days in the field less tiring for farmers.

4. Swaraj 724 / 724 XM Orchard NT (25 HP)

For those looking slightly higher in the compact segment, Swaraj 724 offers around 25 HP and excellent versatility. It’s designed for mixed farm tasks, orchards and even tougher soil conditions.

Engine Power: ~25 HP
Lift Capacity: ~1000 kg
Best Uses: Orchard farming, haulage, ploughing

This model is especially appreciated for its strong engine and better lifting capacity, making it more versatile across implements and attachments.

5. Eicher 242 (25 HP)

The Eicher 242 is a durable and fuel-efficient choice for farmers seeking a 25 HP tractor with good all-around capability. Its simple design and comfort features help in extended daily use.

Engine Power: ~25 HP
Lift Capacity: ~900 kg
Best Uses: Farm tilling, haulage, multi-purpose use

It combines strong performance with low operating costs and straightforward maintenance ideal for small to medium land requirements.

What to Consider When Buying a 20–25 HP Tractor

Here are some important factors every small farmer should consider:

1. Field Type & Terrain

Dry, firm soil: 2WD tractors like JIVO 225 DI or Sonalika GT 20 can be sufficient.
Wet or uneven land: Consider 4WD variants like JIVO 225 DI 4WD or Swaraj 724 FE.

4WD models offer better traction but are usually more expensive.

2. Implement Compatibility

Make sure the tractor you choose can run the implements you need ploughs, seeders, rotavators, trailers or sprayers. Most 20–25 HP tractors come with compatible PTO and lift arrangements.

3. Maintenance and Service Support

Choose brands that have a strong service network in your region so you can rely on timely support and spare parts. Mahindra, Sonalika, Swaraj and Eicher all have extensive dealer networks across India.

4. Operator Comfort

Good seating, easy access controls and proper steering reduce fatigue during long working hours an underrated but important consideration.

Implements Commonly Used with 20–25 HP Tractors

One of the biggest advantages of 20–25 HP tractors is their compatibility with multiple farming implements, making them highly versatile for small land holdings. Some commonly used implements include:

Mould Board (MB) Plough: Ideal for primary tillage and soil turning in dry and semi-dry fields.
Cultivator: Used for loosening soil, removing weeds, and preparing seedbeds.
Rotavator (Light Duty): Helps in pulverizing soil and improving soil structure for better crop germination.
Seed Drill: Ensures uniform seed placement and saves time during sowing.
Sprayer: Useful for pesticide and fertilizer application, especially in horticulture and vegetable farming.
Trailer / Trolley: For transporting crops, fertilizers, fodder, and farm produce to markets.

Most 20–25 HP tractors come with standard PTO (Power Take-Off) and hydraulic systems, enabling smooth operation of these implements without overloading the engine.

Crop Suitability for 20–25 HP Tractors

These compact tractors are well-suited for a wide range of crops commonly grown on small farms in India:

Cereals: Wheat, paddy (light-duty), maize, millet
Pulses: Gram, lentils, pigeon pea
Oilseeds: Mustard, groundnut, soybean
Vegetables: Potato, onion, tomato, cabbage
Horticulture & Orchards: Mango, banana, grapes, citrus, pomegranate
Sugarcane (Intercultural Work): Suitable for spraying, ridging, and transport

Because of their compact size, these tractors are especially useful in orchards and vegetable farms, where larger tractors may damage crops or struggle with narrow spacing.

Cost, Affordability & Government Subsidies

For small and marginal farmers, affordability plays a crucial role in tractor selection.

Price Advantage

20–25 HP tractors are generally much cheaper than mid or high HP tractors.
Lower fuel consumption means reduced daily operating expenses.
Maintenance and spare parts are economical and widely available.

Government Subsidies & Financing

Many state and central government schemes in India offer:

Subsidies on tractor purchase for small and marginal farmers
Low-interest tractor loans through nationalized banks and cooperative banks
Special schemes for SC/ST farmers, women farmers, and first-time buyers

These benefits make owning a 20–25 HP tractor more accessible, even for farmers with limited capital.

2WD vs 4WD: Which Is Better for Small Farms?

Choosing between 2WD and 4WD is an important decision.

2WD Tractors

Lower cost
Better fuel efficiency
Ideal for dry land farming and transport work
Easier to maintain

4WD Tractors

Better traction and grip
Ideal for wet fields, orchards, and uneven terrain
More stable while using implements
Slightly higher cost and maintenance

For dry and semi-dry regions, a 2WD tractor is usually sufficient.
For wet soil, hilly areas, or orchards, a 4WD tractor provides better performance.

Maintenance Tips for 20–25 HP Tractors

Proper maintenance ensures longer life and better performance of your tractor:

Check engine oil and coolant levels regularly
Clean air filters, especially in dusty farming conditions
Inspect hydraulic oil and PTO operation periodically
Grease moving parts to reduce wear and tear
Service the tractor as per the manufacturer’s schedule

Regular maintenance not only improves efficiency but also helps avoid costly repairs in the long run.

Long-Term Benefits for Small Farmers

Investing in a 20–25 HP tractor offers several long-term advantages:

Reduced dependency on labor, especially during peak seasons
Timely farm operations, leading to better crop yields
Additional income opportunities through custom hiring and transport work
Improved overall farm productivity and profitability

For small land holders, this HP segment acts as a perfect entry point into farm mechanization.

Final Thoughts

For small land holdings, 20–25 HP tractors offer versatility, manageable operating costs, excellent maneuverability and compatibility with a wide range of farming implements. Whether your priority is orchard work, tilling, hauling or intercultural operations, there’s a model in this category to suit your needs.

Author

Kshitija

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Autos & Vehicles

MOT Test: The Importance of Tyre Checks for Vehicle Safety

Published

6 days ago

January 27, 2026

InterCar and Van Ltd

An MOT test is the legal requirement for every vehicle in the UK. When the age of a vehicle reaches three years old, the MOT test is required to ensure the annual test of the vehicle.

Various components of a vehicle are examined during the MOT test. But tyres directly contact the road, so it is necessary to check the entire tyre. Sometimes, well-maintained vehicles are unsafe if the wheel balance and tyres are incorrectly fitted or worn out.

A driver should understand which tyre components need to be tested during the MOT. It can improve safety, manage compliance, and avoid unexpected failure for the test. This blog describes the key tyre checks during the MOT test. and helps you decide how important MOT testing is for you and why you should get your car MOT tested.

How Important Is Maintaining Vehicle Safety?

Tyres play an essential role in managing steering, braking efficiency and overall stability. The poor condition of the tyres reduces grip and stop distance, and increases the risk of blowouts. For these reasons, the MOT test is conducted to check the tyres, ensure compliance with legal standards, and assess roadworthiness.

Failing an MOT test due to various tyre issues is a common aspect. However, some of the failures can’t be prevented with timely replacement and routine checkups. And this test helps you a lot in maintaining the safety of your car.

Tread Depth of Tyre

The main aspect of tyre testing during the MOT test is inspecting the tread depth. The minimum tread depth in the UK is 1.6mm in three-quarters of the width under all circumstances of tyres.

During the MOT Test Northampton, the examiner inspects the worn-out tread. They also test if the tread depth exceeds or meets the legal limit. The insufficient tread depth can reduce the grip in wet conditions. This increases the risk of aquaplaning. The tyres below the legal limit may result in the automatic failure of the MOT test.

Condition of the Tyres

The condition of the vehicle’s tyres is carefully inspected. The MOT testers check the signs of damage, which can be the reason for compromising safety. This also includes the following:

Exposed ply or cords.
Signs related to the previous and improper car repair.
Splits, cuts, and cracks on the rubber.
Signs of improper repairing.

Sidewall damage is a serious issue because it weakens the structure of the tyres. If the tread depth is affected by visible damage, it may lead to the MOT failure.

Uneven Patterns of Wear and Tear

Uneven tyre wear may signal underlying issues like steering misalignment or suspension faults. The MOT examiners test the wear patterns with the tyre surface for detecting various issues such as:

Feathering the flat spots.
Wear on the outer edges and inner wear.
Scalloping and cupping.

The uneven damage may be the reason for failing an MOT test. The severe cases may indicate the risks related to safety. There are some issues related to the steering geometry. They are also connected with the wheel balancing Northampton. This helps restore the tyre wear issue. It can also improve how vehicles are handled.

Inflation and Pressure of Tyres

The MOT examiners don’t measure the pressure of the tyres by using gauges. They also find out the visual assessment of whether the tyres get over-inflated or under-inflated. Improper tyre pressure impacts braking, handling, and the longevity of tyres.

The visible deflated vehicle tyres indicate valve issues and a slow puncture, which are often flagged as unsafe. The consistent maintenance of the correct tyre pressure helps in improving fuel efficiency and preventing uneven wear or tear.

Wheel Security

The tyre focuses on the secure fittings to the wheel. The MOT testers check the following:

Loose or missed bolts and wheel nuts.
Damaged wheel rims may affect the seating of the tyres.
Evidence related to the wheel movement.

This can help in checking the overlapping function of the wheels. It also impacts the safety of the tyres. Poor wheel security may be the cause of vibration and other wheel-related issues.

Conclusion

The tyres are a crucial part of the safety of a vehicle. With the help of the MOT test, a detailed inspection is done. The correct inflation, regular tyre checking, and timely tyre replacement can reduce the risk related to the MOT failure. This also improves driving safety. Vehicle users should take proactive steps to book an MOT and check the important parts, such as the wheels and tyres of the vehicle.

Inter Car and Van Ltd consistently seeks methods to enhance our services for you. We believe customer feedback is vital, that is why we invite all our customers to offer feedback and suggestions of other services or improvements they think can be made. In the near future we aim to:

Author

InterCar and Van Ltd

InterCar and Van Ltd stands as a trusted choice for MOT Centre in Northampton. With a commitment to excellence, our skilled technicians conduct thorough inspections, ensuring your vehicle meets safety standards. Experience reliability, efficiency, and transparent service with InterCar and Van Ltd, your partner in roadworthy assurance. View all posts

Autos & Vehicles

The Advantage of Export-Only Trims in Japanese Vehicles

Published

1 week ago

January 23, 2026

nobukojapan

Introduction: The Hidden Language of Export-Only Trims

Japanese used cars have earned global respect for their mechanical integrity and understated design philosophy. Yet many international buyers remain unaware that a significant number of imported models arrive with specifications never clearly advertised. These are not optional extras added by chance.

They are export-only trims, deliberately engineered for overseas markets. For buyers researching Japanese used cars in UK listings, these hidden features often deliver more value than expected, especially when compared with similarly priced local alternatives.

What “Export-Only” Really Means in the Japanese Auto Industry

In Japan, manufacturers develop vehicles with layered specification structures. Domestic trims focus on local regulations, compact driving environments, and predictable usage patterns. Export-only trims, however, are built with broader assumptions.

These vehicles must comply with foreign safety laws, fuel standards, and consumer preferences. As a result, equipment levels are often elevated by default. Buyers browsing cars for sale japan through exporters or auction platforms frequently encounter these enhanced trims without realizing they differ from standard domestic versions.

Interior Refinements Buyers Rarely Notice at First Glance

Export-focused Japanese cars often include interior upgrades that feel subtle but have long-term impact. Seat cushioning may use higher-density foam to reduce fatigue during extended motorway driving. Upholstery fabrics are often treated to resist fading and moisture absorption.

Sound-deadening materials are increased around wheel arches and door panels, creating a calmer cabin environment. These details rarely stand out during a quick inspection, yet owners of Japanese used cars in UK conditions often appreciate them during daily use and longer commutes.

Technology Features Quietly Included for International Buyers

Technology integration is another area where export-only trims quietly excel. Infotainment systems may support broader radio bands, improved navigation compatibility, and multilingual interfaces. Instrument clusters are sometimes calibrated to display multiple units of measurement without software modification.

Safety technology also sees upgrades. Features such as collision avoidance sensors, adaptive headlights, and stability control systems are often standard on export models. For buyers sourcing cars for sale japan, these inclusions reduce the need for costly retrofits after import.

Mechanical and Performance Tweaks for Overseas Conditions

While cosmetic features attract attention, mechanical changes often define the real value of export-only trims. Suspension components may be reinforced to handle rougher road surfaces and higher average speeds. Transmission mapping can be adjusted for smoother gear changes during prolonged cruising.

Cooling systems are sometimes uprated to maintain stable operating temperatures under varied driving conditions. For owners of japanese used cars in UK environments, these engineering decisions contribute to durability and consistent performance over time.

Climate and Environmental Adaptations Built Into Export Trims

Japanese domestic vehicles are designed for relatively controlled seasonal variation. Export models anticipate harsher conditions. Heating systems may deliver higher output, while alternators are specified to support increased electrical demand. Electrical connectors are often sealed more thoroughly to prevent moisture ingress.

Anti-corrosion treatments may be thicker, especially underneath the vehicle. These adaptations are rarely listed in sales descriptions, yet they become invaluable during cold winters and wet driving seasons common across the UK.

Compliance and Regulatory Advantages for UK Buyers

Export-only trims frequently simplify the import and registration process. Vehicles may already include lighting configurations, emissions controls, and safety equipment aligned with European requirements. This reduces the number of modifications needed to achieve road legality.

For buyers entering the Japanese used cars in UK market for the first time, these built-in compliance features can translate into lower costs and fewer administrative delays.

Why These Trims Matter for Buyers in the UK

Understanding export-only trims changes how buyers evaluate Japanese imports. What initially appears to be a modestly equipped vehicle may actually include premium-grade components as standard. This dynamic allows buyers to access higher specification cars without paying luxury brand premiums.

When comparing vehicles sourced locally versus those found through cars for sale japan channels, the difference often lies beneath the surface rather than in visible styling.

How Export-Only Trims Shape Long-Term Ownership Value

Export-only trims are not designed to impress briefly. They are intended to perform reliably across unfamiliar environments. This design philosophy benefits long-term ownership.

Enhanced materials age better, mechanical components endure stress more effectively, and integrated technology remains relevant longer. For buyers focused on resale value, these factors often result in stronger market demand and more stable pricing.

A Broader Perspective on Japanese Export Engineering

Export-only trims reflect a cautious and anticipatory approach to vehicle design. Manufacturers assume the car will be used differently, maintained differently, and driven in conditions unlike those at home. Instead of stripping features to reduce cost, they often add quiet layers of resilience and usability.

For anyone considering Japanese used cars in UK markets, recognizing this approach provides a deeper appreciation of what these vehicles truly offer.

Final Thoughts

Japanese export vehicles often deliver more than their specifications suggest. Export-only trims represent an unseen advantage, blending thoughtful engineering with practical enhancements. Buyers who understand these distinctions move beyond surface comparisons and discover vehicles that quietly exceed expectations.